Operative Là Gì

What is ERCP?

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a procedure that combines upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy & x-rays to treat problems of the bile và pancreatic ducts.

What are the bile and pancreatic ducts?

Your bile ducts are tubes that carry bile from your liver khổng lồ your gallbladder và duodenum. Your pancreatic ducts are tubes that carry pancreatic juice from your pancreas lớn your duodenum. Small pancreatic ducts empty into lớn the main pancreatic duct. Your common bile duct & main pancreatic duct join before emptying into your duodenum.

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Why vị doctors use ERCP?

Doctors use ERCPhường to treat problems of the bile and pancreatic ducts. Doctors also use ERCP. lớn diagnose problems of the bile and pancreatic ducts if they expect lớn treat problems during the procedure. For diagnosis alone, doctors may use noninvasive tests—tests that vày not physically enter the body—instead of ERCPhường. Noninvasive tests such as magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)—a type of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)—are safer and can also diagnose many problems of the bile và pancreatic ducts.

Doctors perkhung ERCPhường when your bile or pancreatic ducts have sầu become narrowed or blocked because of

infection trauma or surgical complications in your bile or pancreatic ducts

How vày I prepare for ERCP?

To prepare for ERCP, talk with your doctor, arrange for a ride home page, and follow your doctor’s instructions.

Talk with your doctor

You should talk with your doctor about any allergies & medical conditions you have sầu and all prescribed and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, và supplements you take, including

Your doctor may ask you khổng lồ temporarily stop taking medicines that affect blood clotting or interact with sedatives. You typically receive sầu sedatives during ERCPhường to help you relax và stay comfortable.

Tell your doctor if you are, or may be, pregnant. If you are pregnant & need ERCPhường to lớn treat a problem, the doctor performing the procedure may make changes lớn protect the fetus from x-rays. Research has found that ERCPhường. is generally safe during pregnancy.1

Arrange for a ride home

For safety reasons, you can’t drive sầu for 24 hours after ERCP.., as the sedatives or anesthesia used during the procedure needs time to lớn wear off. You will need to make plans for getting a ride home after ERCPhường.

Don’t eat, drink, smoke, or chew gum

To see your upper GI tract clearly, you doctor will most likely ask you not to eat, drink, smoke, or chew gum during the 8 hours before ERCP.

How vì doctors perform ERCP?

Doctors who have specialized training in ERCPhường perkhung this procedure at a hospital or an outpatient center. An intravenous (IV) needle will be placed in your arm lớn provide a sedative. Sedatives help you stay relaxed và comfortable during the procedure. A health care professional will give you a liquid anesthetic to gargle or will spray anesthetic on the back of your throat. The anesthetic numbs your throat & helps prevent gagging during the procedure. The health care staff will monitor your vital signs & keep you as comfortable as possible. In some cases, you may receive general anesthesia.

You’ll be asked to lie on an examination table. The doctor will carefully feed the endoscope down your esophagus, through your stomach, và inkhổng lồ your duodenum. A small camera mounted on the endoscope will sover a video clip image khổng lồ a monitor. The endoscope pumps air into your stomach & duodenum, making them easier khổng lồ see.

During ERCP., the doctor

locates the opening where the bile và pancreatic ducts empty into the duodenum injects a special dye, also called contrast medium, into the ducts through the catheter to lớn make the ducts more visible on x-rays

The doctor may pass tiny tools through the endoscope to

open blocked or narrowed ducts. break up or remove stones. insert stents—tiny tubes that a doctor leaves in narrowed ducts to hold them open. A doctor may also insert temporary stents khổng lồ stop bile leaks that can occur after gallbladder surgery.

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The procedure most often takes between 1 and 2 hours.

What should I expect after ERCP?

After ERCP.., you can expect the following:

You will most often stay at the hospital or outpatient center for 1 khổng lồ 2 hours after the procedure so the sedation or anesthesia can wear off. In some cases, you may need to lớn stay overnight in the hospital after ERCP. You may have sầu a sore throat for 1 khổng lồ 2 days. You can go baông chồng to lớn a normal diet once your swallowing has returned to normal. You should rest at trang chủ for the remainder of the day.

Following the procedure, you—or a frikết thúc or family member who is with you if you’re still groggy—will receive sầu instructions on how lớn care for yourself after the procedure. You should follow all instructions.

You will receive sầu instructions on how to lớn care for yourself after ERCP. You should follow all instructions.

Some results from ERCP.. are available right away after the procedure. After the sedative has worn off, the doctor will giới thiệu results with you or, if you choose, with your friover or family thành viên.

If the doctor performed a biopsy, a pathologist will examine the biopsy tissue. Biopsy results take a few days or longer to lớn come baông xã.

What are the risks of ERCP?

The risks of ERCPhường include complications such as the following:

pancreatitis infection of the bile ducts or gallbladder excessive bleeding, called hemorrhage an abnormal reaction to the sedative, including respiratory or cardiac problems tissue damage from x-ray exposure death, although this complication is rare

Research has found that these complications occur in about 5 to 10 percent of ERCPhường procedures.2 People with complications often need treatment at a hospital.

Seek care right away

If you have sầu any of the following symptoms after ERCP., seek medical attention right away:

chest pain fever problems breathing problems swallowing or throat pain that gets worse

References

<1> ASGE Standard of Practice Committee, Shergill AK, Ben-Menachem T, et al. Guidelines for endoscopy in pregnant & lactating women. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 2012;76(1):18–24.

<2> Szary NM, Al-Kawas FH. Complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: how to avoid & manage them. Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2013;9(8):496–504.